When any subroutine is called, then the first value of stack will be

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE - MICROCONTROLLER MCQ

• Unlike micro processors, micro controllers make use of batteries because they have:
• What is the order decided by a processor or the CPU of a controller to execute an instruction?
• How are micro controllers classified on the basic of internal bus width?
• How is the performance and the computer capability affected by increasing its internal bus width?
• Abbreviate CISC and RISC
• Give the names of the buses present in a controller for transferring data from one place to another?
• What is the file extension that is loaded in a micro controller for executing any instruction?
• What are the most appropriate criterion for choosing the right micro controller of our choice?
• Why micro controllers are not called general purpose devices?
• MAX1112 is a _________ type of ADC converter?
• Why do we connect a capacitor between the Vref and the Gnd pin?
• Which of the following are the registers that are used for controlling the ADC conversion in the AVR?
• What is the internal Vref of an Atmega32 series?
• The output of a DAC0808 is in form of
• In a DAC the input is ______ and the output is ______
• A micro controller at-least should consist of:
• How many types of architectures are available, for designing a device that is able to work on its own?
• Which architecture is followed by general purpose microprocessors?
• Which architecture involves both the volatile and the non volatile memory?
• Which architecture provides separate buses for program and data memory?
• Which micro controller don’t match with its architecture below?
• Harvard architecture allows:
• Which out of the following supports Harvard architecture?
• Why most of the DSPs use Harvard architecture?
• Which of the following supports CISC as well as Harvard architecture?
• Which of the two architecture saves memory?
• Is the following instruction correct LDI R3,50?
• Registers R0-R31 are used for what type of works?
• Largest value that can be loaded in an 8 bit register is?
• The total space for the data memory available in the AVR based micro controller is?
• Which out of the following instructions don’t affect the flags of the status register?
• What is the difference between the two given instructions?
• Which out of the following is not a directive?
• Is an assembly language a high level language?
• A 14 bit program counter can execute a maximum of _________ memory locations?
• When AVR wakes up, then the value of PC becomes?
• Which of the following is correct about BRNE instruction in avr microcontrollers?
• How many times is this loop going to get execute?
• Which of the below mentioned are not the conditional jumps?
• What is the relation between the target and the relative address?
• In the JMP instruction how many bits are their for determining the target address?
• Which of the following statements is/are correct?
• Which of the following is used to represent the last RAM address?
• Which of the following statements are correct about the RCALL instruction?
• On power on SP points to the address?
• Which of the following statements is true?
• In AVR, which registers are there for the I/O programming of ports?
• The data will not go from the port registers to the pin unless:
• On reset DDR registers of all ports are set to:
• All series of AVR has 8 pins in all of their ports?
• Which of the following is not a single bit instruction in AVR?
• Which of the following is correct about the SBIS instruction?
• Instruction CBI PORTB,1 means
• Which of the following instruction can used to toggle a bit of the PORT?
• What is the main function of the SBIC instruction?
• In AVR micro controllers, ADD instruction affects the status of which of the following bits of a status register?
• ADC instruction is used for?
• AVR supports which of the following mentioned subtraction instructions?
• What steps are involved when we subtract two numbers present at two different locations?
• In executing subtraction based instructions, state the role of the C flag?
• Which of the following is correct about the MUL instruction?
• In AVR, when is the V flag set?
• To set the bits of a register R1 to 1, we must OR the contents of the register with?
• CP instruction alters the value of the register?
• What is right about the ROR instruction?
• In AVR, which of the following registers are not used for programming timers?
• What is the use of the prescalar in the operation of the timer?
• What modes are generally used in the operation of the timer0?
• Timer 0 can act as a counter
• Which of the timer can operate in the 16 bit condition?
• Which of the following will generate the maximum time delay?
• What is the difference in operation of a normal and a CTC mode of a timer?
• We can count the pulses on the positive or the negative edge triggered pulse of the clock?
• Which pin is used for the input clock of the counter0?
• Which resource provides clock pulse to AVR timers if CS02-00=6?
• On reset, what are the contents of the SREG register?
• TIMSK register is used for?
• Why RETI instruction is used after an ISR?
• In AVR what is the ISR address for an external hardware interrupt?
• What is the address in the interrupt service routine assigned for the timer0 overflow flag?
• Is the same address is assigned for the timer0 and timer1 overflow flag in the interrupt vector table of the interrupts?
• External hardware interrupts are assigned to which pins of the atmega32?
• Which register is responsible for handling all the external hardware interrupts?
• By default, INT0-INT2 interrupts are?
• What will happen in that condition, if an interrupt occurs while the micro controller is serving any other interrupt?
• What actually are the DB9, DB25 ports available in our computers?
• What does RI handshaking signal refer to according to the RS232 logic?
• What is the major difference between a MAX232 and a MAX233 device?
• Which of the following is correct about the baud rate during serial transmission?
• With fosc= 8 MHz, what will the count that has to filled in the UBRR register to account for the 9600 baud rate?
• The USART in AVR based micro controllers operate at which of the following modes?
• Which bit of the UCSRA is used for doubling the baud rate of the transmission?
• What is the use of the PE and the FE bits of the UCSRA register?
• Which of the following bits are used for setting the data frame size?
• Which of the following parameters should the transmitter and the receiver agree upon before starting a serial transmission?
• In AVR, the LCD operates in two main modes, it can be in 8 bit or 4 bit data
• What can be the sequence of commands that may be used for initializing an LCD?
• When the LCD operates in the 4 bit mode, then what more commands are added to it?
• What is the main function of the LPM instruction used in LCD?
• The RS pin acts as an
• To latch in information at the data pins of the LCD, we send
• What is the function of the 0x06 command?
• What is the address of the second column and the second row of the 2*20 LCD?
• Which of the following commands takes more than 100 microseconds to run?
• For selecting the data pins in a LCD, RS pin should be
• In reading the columns of a keyboard matrix, when no key is pressed then all the pins show
• To see if any key is pressed, all rows are grounded
• Identify the row and the column for the following case when for the row D3-D0= 1110 and for the column D3-D0= 1101
• What are the actual steps that are followed in identifying any key that is being pressed?
• To identify that the key is present in which row and the column
• The key detection and the key identification are two different procedures?
• What is described by the following command?
• If the pins of the keyboard are used as an interrupt, then these pins will cause interrupt of what type?
• What will happen if two keys of the keyboard are pressed at a time?
• Why initially all keys are considered open before detecting the key pressed?
• Which of the following is correct about the word resolution in ADC DAC converters in AVR’s?
• In an ADC, we can calculate the output voltage from the formula
• ADC0848 is a ____________ bit converter?
• Which of the following factors can affect the step size calculation?
• Which of the following is correct about the word sensors?
• Why do we need to apply the concept of signal conditioning to a sensor?
• Which of the following is correct about LM35 based sensors?
• What is the difference between the LM34 and the LM35 based sensors?
• Every transducer must be connected with the signal conditioning circuit?
• LM35 provides _______ V for each degree count?
• Why for the 8 bit analog input we select Vref as the 2.56V?
• What is the temperature for LM35 sensor if the analog output is 0011 1001?
• In an external hardware, their are how many pins available for the LM35 and the LM34 based sensors?
• Do LM34 and LM35 based sensors have linear output?
• 8255 is a ____ pin IC
• 8255 has handshaking capability?
• The 8255 can be programmed in any of the
• RTC is used for
• RTC chips use______to compute time, date when the power is off
• DS12887 is known for as a
• DS1307 is a parallel RTC with I2C bus
• DS1307 is a _______ pin IC and operates on_______ clock frequency
• Vbat requires a positive signal of
• SQW(pin no 7) is an
• DS1307 has a total of _______ bytes of RAM space?
• DS1307 control register has an address of
• What does the CH bit of the DS1307 demonstrate?
• Why are relays used for driving the motors?
• Why are ULN2803 normally used between the micro controllers and the relays?
• Why are opto isolators normally used between the micro controllers and the ULN2803?
• Which of the following is a type of a electromagnetic relay?
• Reed switches show connectivity whenever they are in the presence of an electrical field?
• Which of the following is an application of stepper motors?
• What are normal 4 step sequence of a stepper motor if we start to move in clockwise direction with 0110 value?
• What is the meaning of a step angle?
• For a normal 4 step sequence, what are number of teeth required to accomplish a 2 degree step angle?
• Ounch-inch is a unit of a torque
• Why do we make the connection of the SCLK for communicating serially between two devices?
• What is the function of the CE pin in SPI?
• Which of the following is correct?
• If CPHA= 0 and CPOL=1, then which of the following is true?
• In SPI write, LSB goes first?
• In AVR, which of the following registers are used for SPI?
• How do we set the SPI, to operate in the master mode 1?
• SPI can act as a half duplex transmission?
• Which frequency is not recommended for SPI clock?
• To select the value of the clock to be fosc/16, what are the appropriate values?
• Which of the following is correct?
• Which of the following is true about the I2C protocols?
• I2C is a connection oriented communication protocol
• The STOP condition is generated by a
• For receiving the acknowledgement
• What steps are followed to complete the data transfer?
• I2C is ideal for short distances?
• Which of the following is a register used for programming AVR’s I2C module?
• Which bit is polled to know that whether the TWI is ready or not?
• Is status flag important in multi master systems?
• The status register in MSP430 consists of
• Which of the following bits is a bit of the status register that allows the micro controller to operate in its low power mode?
• What is actually done to improve the efficiency of a RISC processor?
• To improve the efficiency of a MSP430 based micro controller, for one register
• Their are_______________ number of emulated instructions found in the MSP430?
• w form is used for operations
• Pre increment addressing is available in MSP430?
• Which out of the following is a correct emulated instruction?
• dadd instruction can act as
• Which of the following instructions do not affect the status bits?
• Their are _____ number of addressing modes found for the source and _____ number of modes for the destination part?
• MSP430 describes reti instruction as
• Indexed addressing can be used for
• What do you understand form this instruction mov.w X(PC), R6
• Absolute mode uses which of the following operators?
• Indirect register mode is used by
• Indirect mode and the indirect auto increment mode have which common operator in them
• Are the two instructions similar
• mov.w @PC+,R6 is a type of
• ret instruction is used for
• According to conventions being followed, R12 to R15 are used for
• We can store the temporary results across a call instruction with the help of which of the following registers
• Can we allocate variables on the stack?
• Which registers are reserved for passing the parameters to a subroutine and then returning the final result?
• What actually is the order of stack frame for a parameter to pass to a subroutine?
• When any subroutine is called, then the first value of stack will be
• After subroutine which of the instruction is used for returning the pointer back to the main program?
• Is the approach of making subroutines effective or not?
• MSP430 uses vectored interrupts?
• Which of the following is true?
• After interrupt has occurred, the stack is filled with
• What is the function of __ __interrupt keyword
• What is the difference between the INTVEC and the RSEG keywords?
• For enabling any interrupt, firstly
• Non mask able vectors are stored at different vector locations?
• Which of the following can generate a non mask able interrupt?
• External RST/NMI pin is a non maskable interrupt?
• How many cycles are used by MSP430, when reti instruction is executed?
• Their are how many MSP430’s low power modes available in the chip?
• Which of the following are the low power modes?
• Which of the following modes is also known as the RAM retention mode?
• Waking a device simply means that switching that device’s operation from a low power mode to an active mode
• When an interrupt is accepted, the contents of the status register are
• MCLK must first be started
• _ _low_ power_mode_0() states the processor to
• More power can be saved by using low_power mode 0 than low_power mode 3
• _BIC_SR_IRQ() is used to
• The only clock that runs in the LPM3 is the
• Which of the following functions is not related to port P1?
• A pull-up or pull-down resistor
• P1.3 is the
• What actually is SD16_A?
• P1IE and P1IES are registers that are used to
• Unused pins must never be left unconnected in their default state as inputs
• Which of the following is an effect of a Schmidt trigger?
• To ensure that a negative fluctuation does not trigger an unwanted downward transition by pulling the input down through VIT−, we must choose
• The SPDT switch can be used as a
• Debouncing can be carried out at a hardware as well as the software end?
• What are the basic functions of a timer?
• Most of the MSP430’s devices have __________ number of timers in it?
• A Watchdog Timer can act as an interval timer?
• Which out of the following is the main function of a Watchdog timer?
• Basic Timer1 can provide
• LCD_A controllers make use of the Basic Timer1 timer for providing a clock to the LCD?
• Real time clock is an extension of Basic Timer1?
• Timer_A can be used to
• Time stamp inputs can be measured by a Timer_A?
• Timer_B includes
• The watchdog counts up and resets the MSP430 when it reaches the limit?
• Which of the following is correct about WDTCTL?
• WDTNMI is found in the
• Which of the following bits reads 0 under normal conditions but goes 1 when it wants to initiate some action?
• WDTISx bits control the
• The process of setting the WDTCNTCL bit in WDTCTL is through
• What is the function of this instruction “WDTCTL = WDTPW | WDTCONFIG”, where **#define WDTCONFIG (WDTCNTCL|WDTSSEL)**
• Is this instruction correct?
• Setting the WDTTMSEL bit of the WDTCTL register makes the watchdog timer act as
• WDTIFG flag gets cleared if
• Which of the following is true about the BTFRFQx bits of the BTCTL register?
• Timer1 is responsible for
• For fACLK = 32 KHz, what would be the desirable range of flcd?
• Normally BTCNT1 only function is to provide a prescalar for the BNTCNT2?
• BTCNT2 provides 2 output signals?
• RTCSEC, RTCMIN, RTCDOW etc. are the bytes of a set of registers that are used to store
• The RTC module is configured in the calendar mode if
• THE RTC module makes use of the Basic Timer1 because
• IF RTCIE interrupt is generated then
• What does the RTCTEVx bits do?
• All channels within Timer_A share the same timer block
• Timer_A has
• TACLK and INCLK are
• In continuous mode of the counter
• TACLR bit in TACTL
• TACCTLn is a
• CCI1B comes from
• Which of the following parameters are given by the TACCR0?
• Why Timer_B is not considered as most suitable one for receiving asynchronous signals?
• Their is double buffering in the immediate mode?
• Double buffering protects channel 0
• Timer_B has
• The capture/compare registers TBCCRn are double-buffered, when used for compare events?
• The length of TBR can be programmed to be
• TBOUTH can pin can be used to
• TBCLn provided in each channel is actually
• When TBR counts to zero
• Which of the following is the analog to digital converter that is present in the MSP430 based processors?
• Higher resolution along with the slow speed is given by which ADC module?
• The technical terms that helps us in differentiating between converters are:
• The number of repeated closeness to the true value is accounted by
• Resolution is
• The process of reduction of a continuous input to a discrete output is
• Which of the following functions can be used for converting the nearest integer to its argument?
• Integral nonlinearity is termed as
• The SNR_______ with the increase of the number of bits
• The intervals between the samples is obtained from
• Comparator_A+ is controlled by which of the following peripheral registers?
• CAON bit is used to
• P2CA4-P2CA0 bits are used for
• CAREFx bits are used for
• Which of the following bits are not actually associated with the comparator module
• Flag CAIFG is raised,
• Setting a bit in the Port Disable register CAPD causes the circuits for the usual digital input and output buffers to be disconnected from the appropriate pin
• Which bit is used for exchanging the two inputs of the comparator and invert its output to compensate?
• Changes in Vcc changes the value of V+ ?
• The relaxation oscillator circuit helps in
• The successive approximation converters have resolution of
• In SAR based conversions, each bit typically requires one clock cycle (sometimes two) to make a comparison and set up the new voltage
• The main operations that are basically performed in a SAR ADC are?
• Usually a capacitor is inserted between an analog input and the ground because
• ADC10 and ADC12 are
• ADC10 needs external capacitors on its voltage reference
• ADC10CTL0 and ADC10CTL1 are registers
• While conversion is in progress, which of the flag is affected
• ADC10SHTx bits allow_________cycles of the ADC10CLK
• The input to the ADC10 is selected from_______bits of the ADC10CTL1 register?
• The basic idea behind the sigma delta converter is that
• Sigma delta converter is a
• Sigma delta converter is having good resolution
• Here the word sigma represents
• SD16_A features are controlled by
• The second part of the ADC handles purely digital signals
• The second part of the ADC’s output is in the form of
• The filtered digital signal is then decimated to
• Decimated means
• The SD16 has a second-order modulator with a
• What actually is bit bagging?
• SPI, I2C, Asynchronous serial communication are the means of communicating a processor with its associate partners?
• All digital communications doesn’t require any clock
• SPI needs______ wires than I2C?
• USI handles
• USCI consists of
• LIN is enabled in which of the following channels?
• Can one device have more than one USC interfaces?
• Which of the following conditions is more difficult to attain?
• Timer_A is used in
• Is SPI a full duplex technique?
• The concept of SPI is based on
• Writing on the trailing edge of the clock pulse and reading on the leading edge of the clock pulse is done when
• When CPOL=1 then,
• Is CPKH and CPOL the same
• SPI with the USI can be selected by
• SCLK, SDO, and SDI are found___________on F20x3
• Transmission and reception are made at a time in SPI?
• When the buffer is________ the low power mode is__________
• Falling edge of the SS pin denotes
• The I2C bus uses which of the following lines
• I2C is faster means of data transfer than SPI?
• Each slave has its unique address
• Pull-up resistors Rp keep the lines at VCC when
• Rising edge on SDA while SCL is high denotes
• Which of the following is an issue while programming I2C using software?
• Which of the following is the slave to be addressed when a device acts as a master
• Is baud rate selected in I2C?
• How is I2C with USI different from I2C with USI_B?
• UCB0RXIFG is set when
• Asynchronous serial communication usually requires two wires for each direction plus a common ground
• In asynchronous mode of transmission, usually the data is sent along with the
• The _____ rate gives the frequency at which the bits are transmitted on the line
• Baud rate is the reverse of the
• Clock is transmitted in the asynchronous communication?
• A framing error occurs is the bit is
• What is the non return to zero format?
• LSB is sent first in case of the non return to zero format
• Their are _______ clocks in the USCI_A
• BITCLK16 is the

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