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If a transaction does not modify the database until it has committed it is said to use a _______ modification technique
We say that a transaction has been ________ when its commit log record has been output to stable storage
State true or false: Using checkpoints reduces overhead
A __________ checkpoint is a checkpoint where transactions are allowed to perform updates even while buffer blocks are being written out
If the database modifications occur while the transaction is still active, the transaction is said to use the __________ modification technique
The log is a sequence of _________ recording all the update activities in the database
The current copy of the database is identified by a pointer, called ____________ which is stored on disk
A special redo-only log record <Ti , Xj , V1> is written to the log, where V1 is the value being restored to data item Xj during the rollback. These log records are sometimes called
In order to reduce the overhead in retrieving the records from the storage space we use
The order of log records in the stable storage ____________ as the order in which they were written to the log buffer
Before a block of data in main memory can be output to the database, all log records pertaining to data in that block must have been output to stable storage. This is
Writing the buffered log to __________ is sometimes referred to as a log force
The _______________ policy, allows a transaction to commit even if it has modified some blocks that have not yet been written back to disk
______________ policy allows multiple updates to accumulate on a block before it is output to stable storage, which can reduce the number of output operations greatly for frequently updated blocks
The ___________ policy, allows the system to write modified blocks to disk even if the transactions thatmade those modifications have not all committed
Locks on buffer blocks are unrelated to locks used for concurrency-control of transactions, and releasing them in a non-two-phase manner does not have any implications on transaction serializability. This is
The __________________ contains a list of blocks that have been updated in the database buffer
The operating system reserves space on disk for storing virtual-memory pages that are not currently in main memory; this space is called
What was the name of the first commercially available microprocessor chip?
The magnetic storage chip used to provide non-volatile direct access storage of data and that have no moving parts are known as
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