C++ Menu Driven Program for Stack using Templates

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Templates are the foundation of generic programming, which involves writing code in a way that is independent of any particular type.

A template is a blueprint or formula for creating a generic class or a function. The library containers like iterators and algorithms are examples of generic programming and have been developed using template concept.

There is a single definition of each container, such as vector, but we can define many different kinds of vectors for example, vector <int> or vector <string>..

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Function Template :

The general form of a template function definition is shown here:

template <class type> ret-type func-name(parameter list)

{
// body of function
}

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Class Template :

Just as we can define function templates, we can also define class templates. The general form of a generic class declaration is shown here:

template <class type> class class-name

{
.
.
.
}

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Below is the source code for C++ Menu Driven Program for Stack using Templates which is successfully compiled and run on Windows System to produce desired output as shown below :

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SOURCE CODE : :

/* C++ Menu Driven Program for Stack using Templates  */

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
class Stack
{
        public:
                Stack(int MaxStackSize);
                ~Stack(){delete[] S;}
                int IsEmpty()const{return top==-1;}
                int IsFull()const{return top==MaxTop;}
                T Peek()const;
                void Push(T);
                T Pop();
                void Display();
        private:
                int top; //current top of stack
                int MaxTop; //max val for top
                T *S; //element array
};
        template<class T>
Stack<T>::Stack(int MaxStackSize)
{
        //stack constructor
        MaxTop=MaxStackSize-1;
        S=new T[MaxStackSize];
        top=-1;
}
template<class T>
T Stack<T>::Peek()const
{
        if(IsEmpty()) //top fails
                return 0;
        else
                return S[top];
}
        template<class T>
void Stack<T>::Push(T x)
{
        if(IsFull())
                cout<<"\nno memory()"; //add fails
        else
        {
                S[++top]=x;
        }
}
        template<class T>
T Stack<T>::Pop()
{
        T x;
        if(IsEmpty())
        {
                cout<<"\nstack is empty\n";
                return -1;
        }
        else
        {
                x=S[top--];
                return x;
        }
}
        template<class T>
void Stack<T>::Display()
{
        if(IsEmpty())
                cout<<"\nout of bounds"; //delete fails
        else
                for(int i=top;i>=0;i--)
                {
                        cout<<S[i]<<"\t";
                }
}
void menu()
{
        cout<<"\n1.Push\n 2.Pop\n 3.Peek\n 4.Display\n";
}
int main()
{
        Stack<int>iobj(5);
        int ch,x;

        do
        {
                menu();
                cout<<"\nenter the choice\n";
                cin>>ch;
                switch(ch)
                {
                        case 1:
                                cout<<"\nenter x value to push into the stack\n";
                                cin>>x;
                                iobj.Push(x);
                                break;
                        case 2:
                                x=iobj.Pop();
                                if(x!=-1)
                                        cout<<"\npoped value is \t"<<x<<endl;
                                break;
                        case 3:
                                x=iobj.Peek();
                                cout<<"\ntop most value is \t"<<x<<endl;
                                break;
                        case 4:
                                iobj.Display();
                                break;
                }
        }while(ch>=1&&ch<=4);
return 0;
}

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OUTPUT : :

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/* C++ Menu Driven Program for Stack using Templates  */

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
1

enter x value to push into the stack
1

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
1

enter x value to push into the stack
2

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
1

enter x value to push into the stack
3

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
1

enter x value to push into the stack
4

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
1

enter x value to push into the stack
5

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
3

top most value is       5

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
4
5       4       3       2       1
1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
2

poped value is  5

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
2

poped value is  4

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
2

poped value is  3

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
2

poped value is  2

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
2

poped value is  1

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
2

stack is empty

1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
4

out of bounds
1.Push
 2.Pop
 3.Peek
 4.Display

enter the choice
5

Process returned 0

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Above is the source code and output for C++ Menu Driven Program for Stack using Templates which is successfully compiled and run on Windows System to produce desired output.

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