Q:

Which of the following associations is incorrect?

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Which of the following associations is incorrect?


  1. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome – mitral valve prolapse.
  2. Turner’s syndrome – coarctation of aorta.
  3. Cushing’s syndrome – hypertension.
  4. Hypothyroidism – tachycardia.
  5. Noonan’s syndrome – pulmonary stenosis.

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d. Hypothyroidism is associated with bradycardia. It often has an insidious onset with symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain and cold intolerance. Cardiovascular symptoms include angina, cardiac failure, pericardial and pleural effusions. Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is associated with joint laxity and hypermobility and mitral valve prolapse. Whilst superficially Turner’s syndrome is associated with a webbed neck, cardiovascular complications can include coarctation of the aorta, which can be how the syndrome is discovered in young girls. Noonan’s syndrome is similar to Turner’s but it has a normal phenotype. Cardiovascular lesions affect the right side of the heart in this condition.

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