Which of the following are the physiological changes that are well known to occur during pregnancy?

d. Decreased oesophageal sphincter is reduced, which results in the patient developing symptoms of heartburn. Other common findings include reduced gut motility, which can lead to constipation and raised platelets, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, cholesterol and fibrinogen. With the physiological changes taking place in the vascular compartment a systolic flow murmur is common whilst water retention occurs leading to ankle oedema and carpal tunnel syndrome.