Q:

If the following clinical and pathological features were in chronological order which would come fourth?

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If the following clinical and pathological features were in chronological order which would come fourth?


  1. Cervical biopsy shows cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade III.
  2. Cone biopsy of cervix shows invasive squamous carcinoma.
  3. Early onset of sexual activity.
  4. Frozen pelvis.
  5. Ureteric obstruction with uraemia.

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The answer is D. Early onset of sexual activity and promiscuous sexual activity (C) are associated with increased risk of cervical cancer; biopsy of the cervix (A) shows cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III. An excision or cone biopsy of the cervix is performed (B) which reveals invasive carcinoma; cervical cancer invades locally in the pelvis (D) and eventually causes uraemia by ureteric obstruction (E). Herpes virus type 2 and human papillomavirus have been implicated as possible carcinogenic agents.

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