To maximize fertility potential, orchidopexy for cryptorchidism should be done before:

D. Age 2 years

DISCUSSION: The testes are exquisitely sensitive to temperature; therefore there is progressive deterioration of testes that are not within the scrotum. Cryptorchid testes, whether they be in the inguinal canal, in an intra-abdominal position, or in an ectopic position, will undergo progressive spermatogenic failure, although adequate amounts of androgens may be produced and secreted. The timing of orchidopexy has been moved progressively backward, and now the recommendation is that orchidopexy should be accomplished before age 2 years, to maximize the possibility of production of spermatozoa of normal quantity and quality. In cases of unilateral cryptorchidism the matter of surgical exploration is less critical; however, to provide maximum potential for both testes, the earlier cryptorchidism is surgically corrected the better are the chances for normal spermatogenesis.