Which of the following statements is/are true of infants with gastroschisis?

A. It is associated with malrotation

C. There is prolonged adynamic ileus following repair.

D. It is complicated by intestinal atresia in 10% to 12% of cases.

DISCUSSION: Because of intrauterine herniation of bowel to an extra-abdominal location, normal intestinal rotation and fixation do not occur. Most infants with gastroschisis have nonrotation. In contrast to infants with omphalocele, in which a high incidence of associated anomalies coexist, babies with gastroschisis have little else wrong. Following repair of the abdominal wall defect, infants with gastroschisis have a long delay in return of intestinal function. They usually require total parenteral nutrition to supply adequate caloric intake until gut function returns (3 to 4 weeks). Intestinal atresia is observed in 10% to 12% of neonates with gastroschisis. This is caused by bowel ischemia due to intrauterine volvulus or compression of the herniated viscera in a small, tight defect in the abdominal wall. Although infants with omphalocele frequently have chromosomal syndromes such as Beckwith syndrome or trisomy 13 to 15 or 16 to 18, babies with gastroschisis do not.