Which of the following statements are true?

D. Patients with critical limb ischemia have paralysis and paresthesias.

DISCUSSION: Although arteriography may be required to diagnose partially severed or damaged arteries with persistent flow, it is not required for the diagnosis of most injuries. In a patient who is not in shock, a diminished pulse on physical examination indicates an arterial injury; however, patients with only partial severance or intimal injury may maintain axial flow through the injury and distal pulses will be palpable. In a patient who has adequate collateral flow, Doppler signals may be heard even in the presence of complete occlusion of an axial artery. These patients may have audible flow, but their Doppler-derived pressure will be decreased. Patients who do not have adequate collateral flow present with critical ischemia manifested by paralysis and paresthesias, the latter in a stocking or glove distribution. Patients who have neither paralysis nor paresthesia do not have immediately limb-threatening injuries and, for them, arterial reconstruction can be deferred until more acute life- and limb-threatening lesions have been treated.