Q:

ASDs can all be closed with a pericardial or prosthetic patch. Which of the following ASDs can also be safely closed primarily without the use of a patch?

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ASDs can all be closed with a pericardial or prosthetic patch. Which of the following ASDs can also be safely closed primarily without the use of a patch? 


  1. Secundum ASD.
  2. Sinus venosus ASD with PAPVR.
  3. An ostium primum ASD.
  4. A complete AV canal defect.

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A. Secundum ASD.

DISCUSSION: Secundum ASDs can frequently be closed primarily, although the use of a prosthetic or pericardial patch is indicated for large defects. The other types of ASDs are more safely closed with a patch.

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