Which of the following statements about spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is/are correct?

A. The risk of recurrence after resolution of the first episode of PSP or secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) is 35% to 45%.

B. Patients with PSP are typically tall, thin, young adult males with a history of smoking

D. For bleb resection and pleurodesis thoracoscopic thoracotomy and open thoracotomy provide similar cure rates for patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

DISCUSSION: Patients with PSP are usually 20- to 40-year-old males with a common long-chested body habitus. The majority of PSP patients have a history of tobacco use and 10% have a family history of PSP. The majority of cases of SSP are due to advanced emphysema in a population of patients aged 50 to 70 years. Additional causes of SSP include tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, P. carinii infection, lung cancer, and lung abscess. For patients with PSP bleb resection and pleurodesis performed thoracoscopically provides cure rates similar to those of open thoracotomy. Because of the nature of underlying pulmonary diseases, open thoracotomy appears to provide better results for patients with SSP.