Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning radiation therapy after lumpectomy?

c. Long-term complications of radiation therapy include rib fractures and arm edema

Breast conservation usually involves the use of lumpectomy and radiation therapy to achieve local control of breast cancer. Any technique used for post-lumpectomy radiation of the breast must adequately cover the volume at risk, deliver a homogenous dose throughout the target tissues, avoid overlapping or inadequate apposition of fields, and minimize the dose reaching the heart and lung. The entire breast should be treated with a total dose of 4500 to 5000 cGy. There is no good evidence to support a radiation boost to the site of the primary tumor. Complications from breast radiation are uncommon if performed correctly. Acute complications of radiotherapy include fatigue, breast edema, and skin erythema; these are almost always self-limited and resolve over weeks (fatigue) 2 months (erythema) or years (edema). The most common long-term problems are rib fractures and minor arm edema, each of which occur about 5% of the time.