Q:

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the solubilization of cholesterol in bile?

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the solubilization of cholesterol in bile?


  1. Cholesterol is highly soluble in both serum and bile
  2. Mixed micelles are the primary transport mechanism for biliary cholesterol
  3. Most cholesterol found in bile is the result of excretion from serum
  4. Biliary vesicles are composed primarily of biliary phospholipid

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d. Biliary vesicles are composed primarily of biliary phospholipid

Bile is secreted by the liver and is composed primarily of water, electrolytes, and organic solutes. Bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipids are the main solutes found within bile and account for about 80% of the dry weight of bile. Most of the cholesterol found in bile is synthesized de novo in the liver. Cholesterol is an organic molecule that is virtually insoluble in an aqueous medium such as bile. Therefore, mechanisms for maintaining cholesterol in solution have been evolved. For decades, the mixed micelle which is composed of the amphiphatic bile salts and phospholipid was considered the primary carrier of bile. More recently, it has been demonstrated that up to 70% of the total amount of cholesterol normally found in gallbladder bile is transported and solubilized in the vesicular form. Bile vesicles are composed primarily of phospholipid of which in the human, lecithin accounts of 90% of the phospholipid content. 

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