Q:

The gallbladder plays an important role in altering bile composition by absorption and secretion. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this mucosal function?

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The gallbladder plays an important role in altering bile composition by absorption and secretion. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this mucosal function?


  1. The absorption of water by the gallbladder can result in concentration of the solute components of bile from 2- to 10-fold
  2. Gallbladder mucosal absorption can occur by both active and passive mechanisms
  3. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) stimulates NaCl-coupled transport and may also influence tight junction permeability
  4. Secretory products of the gallbladder include bicarbonate and glycoproteins

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a.The absorption of water by the gallbladder can result in concentration of the solute components of bile from 2- to 10-fold

b.Gallbladder mucosal absorption can occur by both active and passive mechanisms

The gallbladder rapidly absorbs water and solutes from bile and concentrates the solute components 2-to 10-fold. The gallbladder has an active mucosa and is able to absorb water and solutes against significant concentration gradients. Water absorption is linked to the transport of ions. The two major mechanisms of absorption are active and passive. In passive absorption, sodium and chloride enter the gallbladder epithelial cells because of electrochemical gradients. This results in an osmotic gradient, and water flows into the cell. Intracellular sodium is extruded across the basolateral membrane into the lateral intercellular spaces by active transport. The active transport of sodium against an electrochemical gradient is associated by an Na+-K+-ATPase pump. Cyclic AMP may inhibit NaCl-coupled transport and may also influence tight junction permeability. Other peptides, such as secretin, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory peptide, have been shown to inhibit absorption. Secretion by the gallbladder occurs either by inhibiting net ion and fluid absorption or with stimulation of bicarbonate secretory mechanisms. Gallbladder epithelium may also secrete mucin and nonmucin glycoproteins which may play a role in gallstone formation.

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