Q:

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning the embryology of the biliary tree

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The following statement(s) is/are true concerning the embryology of the biliary tree.


  1. The primordial anlagen of the liver and biliary tract arises from the entoderm
  2. Superior and inferior caudal buds form as the hepatic diverticulum develops
  3. The development of the liver is a separate process from that of the gallbladder and distal biliary tree
  4. The biliary tree develops in association with the dorsal pancreas

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a.The primordial anlagen of the liver and biliary tract arises from the entoderm

b.Superior and inferior caudal buds form as the hepatic diverticulum develops

The primordial anlagen of the liver, extrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, and ventral part of the pancreas develop as a thickened area of entoderm on the ventral surface of the caudal portion of the foregut where it joins the midgut. Superior and inferior caudal buds form as the hepatic diverticulum grows out into the ventral mesogastrium. The solid mass of endodermal cells spreading with this cephalic bud forms the right and left lobes of the liver. The superior growth of the cranial portion of the hepatic diverticulum, which extends from the duodenum to the liver, results in the formation of the hepatic, common hepatic, and common bile ducts. The caudal portion of the hepatic diverticulum develops into the gallbladder and cystic duct. The common bile duct is attached to the ventral aspects of the duodenum and is in close contact with the ventral pancreatic bud.

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