An 11-year-old boy has experienced severe diarrhea for 10 days. He presents with decreased skin tungor, sunken eyes, orthostatic hypotension, and tachycardia. Which of the following statement(s) may be true concerning his diagnosis and treatment?

a. His hematocrit will likely be elevated

b. His BUN may be elevated out of proportion to serum creatinine

Chronic volume deficits may be manifested by decreased skin turgor, weight loss, sunken eyes, hypothermia, oliguria, orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia. Serum BUN and creatinine may be elevated, with a high BUN/creatinine ratio. The hematocrit may be elevated as well. Plasma sodium is not an indicator of intravascular volume, and if the loses have been isotonic, plasma sodium concentration remains normal. Fluid resuscitation for hypovolemia is initiated with an isotonic solution such as lactated Ringer’s solution. Urine flow in critically ill patients is monitored with an indwelling Foley catheter, with the goal of a urine output 0.5mL/kg/h desirable.