Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the postoperative fluid management in a surgical patient?

c. Urine output should be maintained at a level greater than 0.5 ml/kg/h

d. A urine specific gravity of greater than 1.012 may indicate that the patient is dehydrated

Fluid therapy during the postoperative period should be tailored to each patient and depends on the adequacy of patient’s volume status at the completion of the operative procedure, as well as ongoing fluid losses. Maintenance fluid should be supplemented by replacement of the additional fluids needed to replace the ongoing third space loss as well as losses from various tubes and drains. In general, isotonic solution should be used for volume resuscitation during the early postoperative period. It is best not to give potassium supplements during this period unless they are specifically required as indicated by serum electrolyte measurements. Monitoring fluid status during the postoperative period is best accomplished by careful monitoring of vital signs, urine output, and central venous pressure, if necessary. Urine output is maintained at a level greater than 0.5 mL/kg/h. A urine specific gravity of greater than 1.010 to 1.012 indicates that urine is being concentrated and the patient may not be receiving adequate hydration.