Which of the following statements(s) is/are true concerning human energy requirement?

a. In normal subjects, less than 5% of basal energy requirement is spent on cardiac output and the work of breathing 

c. For a 70 kg male, average resting energy consumption is almost 1500 kcal/day

Basal energy requirements are measured with the subject at rest when no external work is being done; the energy is used mainly for transport and synthetic work within cells. A surprisingly small percentage (< 5%) of this energy is spent on cardiac output and the work of breathing in normal subjects. In contrast, the work of breathing in individuals with chronic obstructive lung disease or in patients on a ventilator may account for 15–20% of caloric expenditure. The average resting post-absorptive 70 kg male consumes about 1500 kcal/day. Energy needs increase as severity of illness increases. The expenditure of kcal is only minimally increased after elective surgery. The largest increase in energy expenditure occurs in patients with severe multiple trauma or major thermal injury. The average-sized adult who sustains a major burn rarely may require more than 3500 kcal/day for maintenance.