Q:

An important step in protein synthesis is transcription. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this process?

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An important step in protein synthesis is transcription. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this process?


  1. The first step in gene transcription involves separating the double helix of DNA by an enzyme known as DNA polymerase
  2. The initial product of DNA transcription is called heterogeneous nuclear RNA which codes directly for proteins
  3. After processing is complete, the mRNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
  4. Only one protein can be produced from an initial mRNA strand

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c. After processing is complete, the mRNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Transcription of a gene begins at an initiation site associated with a specific DNA sequence, termed a promoter region. After binding to DNA, the RNA polymerase opens up a short region of the double helix to expose the nucleotides. Once the two strands of DNA are separated, the strand containing the promoter acts as a template to which ribonucleoside triphosphates base pair by hydrogen bonds. The initial products of transcription are known as heterogeneous nuclear RNA because of their large size variation. These primary transcripts are then processed to form mRNA. RNA splicing accounts for mature RNA being much shorter than nuclear RNA. Moreover, alternative splicing can lead to the production of different mRNA molecules and in some cases different proteins from the same gene. mRNA is exported from the nucleus only after processing is complete.

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