Q:

A person with severe trauma to the cervical region has damage to the spinal cord. If the spinal cord is severed between C3 and C4, what is the likely outcome?

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A person with severe trauma to the cervical region has damage to the spinal cord. If the spinal cord is severed between C3 and C4, what is the likely outcome?


  1. The person will be able to breathe but will have paralysis of the lower limbs.
  2. The person will be able to breathe but will have paralysis of the upper and lower limbs
  3. The person will be able to breathe with the intercostal muscles, but will lose the use of the diaphragm have paralysis of the upper and lower limbs.
  4. The person will be unable to breathe and will have paralysis of the upper and lower limbs.

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 D: The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerves which arise from the C3–C5 vertebrae. Hence the person will be unable to use their diaphragm (much). The upper limbs are innervated by spinal nerves that leave the spinal cord between C5 and T2, so those nerves will have been interrupted as well. 

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