Q:

in lnfants of diabetic mothe following are true EXCEPT

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in lnfants of diabetic mothe following are true EXCEPT


  1. hypoglycemia develops in about 25-50%.Of infants of diabetic mothers
  2. increased weight oftheplacenta and all infant organs
  3. heart failure occurs in 5-10% of infants of diabetic mothers
  4. the incidence of congenital anomalies is increased threefold in inants of diabetic mothers
  5. Iumbosacral agenesis is one of most common congenital anomalies

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(B). The probable pathogenic sequence is that maternal hyperglycemia causes fetal hyperglycemia, and the fetal pancreatic response leads to fetal hyperinsulinemia; fetal  hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia then cause Increased hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, accelerated Ilpogenesls, and augmented protein synthesis. Related pathologic findings are hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the pancreatic islet [3 cells, increased weight of the placenta and Infant organs except for the brain, myocardial hypertrophy, increased amount of cytoplasm In liver cells, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. The incidence of congenital anomaliesis Increased 3-fold in infants of diabetic mothers; cardiac malformations (ventricular or atrial septal defect, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus, doubieoutlet right ventricle, tricuspid atresia, coarctation of the aorta) and iumbosacral agenesis are most common

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