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In the acid–base diagram shown in Figure 12.3, where ‘L’ and ‘U’ represent the lower and upper levels of normal respectively, a patient whose arterial blood values were found to be at point:
- V might have a compensated metabolic alkalosis
- W might have an uncompensated respiratory alkalosis.
- X might have a compensated metabolic alkalosis.
- Y might have a partly compensated respiratory acidosis
- Z might be suffering from severe vomiting.
Medicine
a. False Since all parameters are within normal range, acid–base balance is normal; for a metabolic alkalosis (compensated or uncompensated) the bicarbonate level must be above normal.
b. True The rise in pH is associated with a low PCO2 but a normal HCO3 -.
c. True Or a compensated respiratory acidosis; in both cases bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels are raised proportionately, so that the ratio PCO2 to HCO3- is normal, giving a normal pH.
d. False The patient has a partly compensated metabolic acidosis (low bicarbonate); the low pH indicates incomplete compensation; for a respiratory acidosis the carbon dioxide level must be above normal.
e. True The patient has an uncompensated metabolic alkalosis caused by severe loss of gastric acid.
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