For each hormonal disturbance A–E, select the best option from the following list of effects.
1. Poor wound healing, thin skin and muscle wasting.
2. Raised arterial pressure, slow heart rate and raised peripheral resistance.
3. Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis.
4. Increased glycogen synthesis, potassium uptake, triglyceride deposition and hypoglycaemia.
5. Excessive thirst and urinary output.
- Excessive secretion of glucagon.
- Insufficient secretion of vasopressin
- Excessive secretion of glucocorticoids.
- Excessive secretion of noradrenaline.
- Excessive secretion of insulin.
Medicine
A. Option 3 Glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. These are some of the mechanisms by which glucagon raises the blood glucose level.
B. Option 5 Excessive thirst and urinary output. Lack of vasopressin (ADH) secretion causes diabetes insipidus. In this condition there is reduced water reabsorption in the renal tubules and a consequential loss of body fluid that leads to thirst.
C. Option 1 Poor wound healing, thin skin and muscle wasting. Glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis by the breakdown of protein in skin and muscle to form glucose.
D. Option 2 Raised arterial pressure, slow heart rate and raised peripheral resistance. Noradrenaline constricts arterioles to raise arterial pressure and a consequential reflex slowing of the heart.
E. Option 4 Increased glycogen synthesis, potassium uptake, triglyceride deposition and hypoglycaemia. These are some of the actions of insulin that lowers the blood sugar level.
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