For each endocrine disorder A–E, select the best option from the following list of effects

A. Option 2 Polycythaemia. Erythropoietin acts on bone marrow cells to increase the production of erythrocytes.

B. Option 4 Amenorrhoea. This is due to loss of FSH and LH secretions that are responsible for maintaining the menstrual cycle.

C. Option 1 Hypertension. Renin from the kidneys causes hypertension by converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I that is subsequently converted to angiotensin II that results in salt and water retention by the kidneys and an increase in peripheral resistance.

D. Option 3 Increased water and salt excretion. ANP is produced by atrial cells when they are stretched and causes increased loss of sodium and water by an action on the renal tubules.

E. Option 5 Increased skin pigmentation. One of the features of Addison’s disease caused by loss of adrenal function is a bronze pigmentation of the skin. ACTH which is secreted in large amounts when adrenal cortical function is depressed, has some melanocytestimulating hormone (MSH) effect and this accounts for the skin pigmentation in Addison’s disease.