For each endocrine disorder A–E, select the best option from the following list of effects

A. Option 3 Stones in the urinary tract. Excessive parathormone secretion in hyper-parathyroidism mobilizes calcium from bone. This calcium is excreted by the kidneys. Phosphate is also mobilized from the bones in hyperparathyroidism and excreted in the urine. When the calcium phosphate solubility product is exceeded, precipitation of calcium phosphate occurs and results in the formation of stones.

B. Option 4 Tachycardia, sweating and heat intolerance. The high metabolic rate in hyperthyroidism results in increased heat production and this is associated with tachycardia, sweating and heat intolerance.

C. Option 2 Thirst, polyuria, obesity and tiredness. The high blood glucose level in diabetes cause polyuria and consequential thirst. Obesity increases the tendency to develop type 2 diabetes.

D. Option 1 Periodic episodes of severe hypertension. Tumours in the adrenal medulla called phaeochromocytomas that release noradrenaline and adrenaline periodically can cause this.

E. Option 5 Enlargement of the hands and feet and protrusion of the lower jaw. Excessive growth hormone production in the adult after the epiphyses have closed results in thick-ening and enlargement of bones rather than their lengthening.