Q:

In chronic renal failure

safaTerkawi
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2022-08-11
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 In chronic renal failure.

  1. Glomerular filtration rate may fall by 70 per cent before the condition gives rise to symptoms.
  2. The specific gravity of the urine tends to be elevated, e.g. about 1.030.
  3. Blood PCO2 tends to be low.
  4. Ionized calcium levels in the blood tend to be high.
  5. Anaemia is common.
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safaTerkawi
2022-08-11
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A. True The kidneys have a large functional reserve.

B. False Renal ability to concentrate urine is impaired; the range of specific gravity decreases, converging towards that of protein-free plasma, 1.010.

C. True Poor excretion of acid residues causes metabolic acidosis which stimulates ven-tilation.

D. False Ionized calcium levels fall due to retention of phosphate ions and failure of renal activation of vitamin D.

E. True Due mainly to deficiency of erythropoietin

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