In Example BM provide the verifications (linear independence and spanning) to show that B is a basis of Mmn

We need to establish the linear independence and spanning properties of the set

relative to the vector space M_mn.

This proof is more transparent if you write out individual matrices in the basis with lots of zeros and dots and a lone one. But we do not have room for that here, so we will use summation notation. Think carefully about each step, especially when the double summations seem to “disappear.” Begin with a relation of linear dependence, using double subscripts on the scalars to align with the basis elements.

Now consider the entry in row i and column j for these equal matrices,

Since i and j were arbitrary, we find that each scalar is zero and so B is linearly independent (Definition LI). To establish the spanning property of B we need only show that an arbitrary matrix A can be written as a linear combination of the elements of B. So suppose that A is an arbitrary m×n matrix and consider the matrix C defined as a linear combination of the elements of B by

So by Definition ME, A = C, and therefore A ∈ (B). By Definition B, the set B is a basis of the vector space M_mn.