PHP program to demonstrate the call by reference parameter passing

Program/Source Code:

The source code to demonstrate the call by reference parameter passing is given below. The given program is compiled and executed successfully.

<?php
//PHP program to demonstrate call by 
//reference parameter passing
function Sum($num1, $num2, &$num3)
{
    $num3 = $num1 + $num2;

    echo "Inside function->num3: " . $num3 . "<br>";
}

$num1 = 10;
$num2 = 20;
$num3 = 0;

Sum($num1, $num2, $num3);
echo "Outside function->num3: " . $num3;
?>

Output:

Inside function->num3: 30
Outside function->num3: 30

Explanation:

In the above program, we created a function Sum() that accepts two arguments $num1 and $num2 as call by value and 3rd argument $num3 as a call by reference, here we used & to specify argument is passed as a reference.

In the Sum() function, we calculated the addition of $num1 and $num2 and assigned the result to the $num3. Here, we printed the value of $num3 inside the function, it will print the sum of $num1 and $num2 on the webpage.

After that we created three variables $num1, $num2, and $num3 that are initialized with 10, 20, and 30 respectively. Then we called the Sum() method and printed the value of $num3, and it will print 30 because here we passed the parameters as call by reference mechanism. And we know that in the call by reference parameter passing, the updated value of parameters also reflects in the calling function.